Alpha Blending假说:深度伪造检测中的合成捷径
本文提出Alpha Blending假说,认为当前先进的深度伪造检测器主要依赖定位伪造人脸与原始帧合成时产生的低级合成痕迹,而非识别语义异常或生成指纹。实验证实检测器对自混合图像及非生成式篡改高度敏感。基于此提出的BlenD方法,仅使用真实人脸与自混合图像训练,在2019至2025年的15个复合深度伪造数据集上实现了最优的跨数据集泛化性能。通过集成显式混合搜索器与抗混合捷径的模型预测,AUROC指标提升至94.0%,达到最新最高水平。代码与模型将公开。
Recent deepfake detection methods demonstrate improved cross-dataset generalization, yet the underlying mechanisms remain underexplored. We introduce the Alpha Blending Hypothesis, positing that state-of-the-art frame-based detectors primarily function as alpha blending searchers; rather than learning semantic anomalies or specific generative neural fingerprints, they localize low-level compositing artifacts introduced during the integration of manipulated faces into target frames. We experimentally validate the hypothesis, demonstrating that deepfake detectors exhibit high sensitivity to the so-called self-blended images (SBI) and non-generative manipulations. We propose the method BlenD that leverages a large-scale, diverse dataset of real-only facial images augmented with SBI. This approach achieves the best average cross-dataset generalization on 15 compositional deepfake datasets released between 2019 and 2025 without utilizing explicitly generated deepfakes during training. Furthermore, we show that predictions from explicit blending searchers and models resilient to blending shortcuts are highly complementary, yielding a state-of-the-art AUROC of 94.0% in an ensemble configuration. The code with experiments and the trained model will be publicly released.